How do you differentiate iPSC into cardiomyocytes?

Patient-specific cardiomyocytes can easily be derived by reprograming adult somatic cells into iPSCs and then differentiating these into cardiomyocytes. ESCs and iPSCs have the potential to form a teratoma if injected directly into the heart,16 and thus must be differentiated into cardiomyocytes prior to implantation.

What can iPS cells differentiate into?

Human iPSCs have the unique ability to differentiate into any cell type of the body including: Ectodermal: Neuron, Astrocyte, Oligodendrocyte, Retinal Epithelial Cell (RPE), Epidermal, Hair and Keratinocytes.

What are iPSC derived cardiomyocytes?

iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes cultures include spontaneously beating cells and while immature in culture the cells co-express a mixture of atrial, ventricular and nodal markers – a diffferent expression profile to adult cardiomyocytes.

What are human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes?

Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) can be used to screen for drug-induced alterations in cardiac cellular contractility, electrophysiology, and viability.

How are iPS cells made?

iPSC are derived from skin or blood cells that have been reprogrammed back into an embryonic-like pluripotent state that enables the development of an unlimited source of any type of human cell needed for therapeutic purposes.

How are iPS cells used?

Induced pluripotent stem cells are widely used in therapeutics for disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery (Figure ​4). There are many applications of iPSCs in the fields of gene therapy, disease modeling and drug discovery.

What are atrial cardiomyocytes?

Atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes form the muscular walls of the heart (the myocardium). Atrial myocytes have a different ultrastructure compared to ventricular myocytes. They have differential gene expression patterns regarding, e.g., transcription factors, structural proteins, and ion channels (2).

What is stem cell derived cardiomyocytes?

Among several cell types derived from human pluripotent stem cells, cardiomyocytes hold great promise for cardiac repair, and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ESC-CMs) can improve cardiac function and attenuate myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction [14,15,16,17].

What is stem cell maturation?

Cell maturation is the process of cells maturing and specializing, losing their ability to split and become new cells. For example, once a pluripotent stem cell specializes to become a blood cell, this blood cell has matured and will only be able to be a blood cell from that point forward.

How are iPSCs used to differentiate cardiomyocytes?

First of all, iPSCs are plated on Matrigel as a monolayer in the presence of embryonic fibroblast-conditioned media. Then cells are treated with activin A one day followed by BMP4 in serum-free RPMI medium plus a B27 supplement, to induce cardiac differentiation.

How are embryoid bodies used to differentiate cardiomyocytes?

Embryoid bodies (EBs) are three-dimensional aggregates which consist of cells from ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. The differentiation of EBs is the first and most common method to obtain cardiomyocytes.

How is inductive coculture used to differentiate iPSCs?

Inductive coculture is a differentiation strategy in co-culturing iPSCs with a visceral endoderm-like cell line (END-2). In this protocol, iPSCs are mechanically passaged as undifferentiated colonies onto mitotically inactivated END-2 culture platform.