What are delay lines neuroscience?

Jeffress proposed that some organisms may have a collection of neurons that receive auditory input from each ear. The neural pathways to these neurons are called delay lines. When a sound is heard, sound waves may reach the ears at different times. This is referred to as the interaural time difference (ITD).

What does the Jeffress model refer to?

The Jeffress model (Jeffress, 1948) describes a neural mechanism for the brain to detect very small differences in the time of arrival of sound at one ear compared to the other, and thus determine the horizontal (azimuth) origin of the sound.

What is the distance between ears?

about 20 cm
The average distance between human ears is about 20 cm. Therefore, if a sudden noise comes at you from the right, perpendicular to your head, it will reach your right ear 0.6 ms before it reaches your left ear.

Why is NMDA a coincidence detector?

Glutamate molecules released from the pre-synaptic terminal diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to both sub-types of receptor, opening AMPA receptor channels. Thus the NMDA receptor acts as a detector of coincident pre and post-synaptic activity.

What are ITDS?

An ITDS is a non-licensed provider of Early Intervention Services (EI Services). The ITDS focuses on infant/toddler development and ways to promote development and learning, including designing learning environments and activities to promote development across all domains.

What does Interaural time difference allow you to do?

The interaural time difference (or ITD) when concerning humans or animals, is the difference in arrival time of a sound between two ears. This pathlength difference results in a time difference between the sound’s arrivals at the ears, which is detected and aids the process of identifying the direction of sound source.

What structure do the neurons of the slow pathway synapse with that give us the ability to localize sound?

This slow acting system involves much more processing and may provide more detailed information about the sound, such as its location. These fibers synapse in the ventral cochlear nucleus. Fibers from the ventral cochlear nucleus synapse in the ipsilateral and contralateral superior olivary nucleus.

How do a person recognize sound coming from above or below?

Humans use two important cues to help determine where a sound is coming from. These cues are: (1) which ear the sound hits first (known as interaural time differences), and (2) how loud the sound is when it reaches each ear (known as interaural intensity differences).