What is Panagglutination in blood bank?

P anagglutinating sera is one of the most challenging dilemmas of the antibody identification process. It occurs when patient sera react with all red blood cells (RBCs) tested, that is, with both screening and identification panel cells used in first approach.

What is Panagglutinin?

[ păn′ə-glōōt′n-ĭn ] n. An agglutinin that reacts with all human red blood cells.

What is poly agglutination?

Polyagglutination is the term applied to red blood cells (RBCs) that are agglutinated by almost all samples of human sera from adults but not by autologous serum or sera of newborns. The polyagglutinable state may be transient or persistent.

What causes Autoagglutination?

Agglutination is caused by the formation of antibody-antigen complexes and occurs at room temperatures. Auto-agglutination is produced as a result of a complex formed between the patient’s own RBC antigens and antibodies, mediated by cold-reacting antibodies.

What causes Polyagglutination?

Polyagglutination is caused by changes in the RBC membrane that enable patient RBCs to agglutinate with normal human sera; this agglutination can interfere with blood bank testing.

What enzyme causes T Polyagglutination?

Tk polyagglutination is as a result of microbial b- galactosidases that cleave a galactose residue from para- globoside, exposing N-acetylglucosamine, the Tk receptor.

What is the autoimmune disease and what is the autoantibody?

An autoantibody is an antibody (a type of protein) produced by the immune system that is directed against one or more of the individual’s own proteins. Many autoimmune diseases (notably lupus erythematosus) are caused by such autoantibodies.

What do Agglutinins do?

agglutinin, substance that causes particles to congeal in a group or mass, particularly a typical antibody that occurs in the blood serums of immunized and normal human beings and animals.

What is poly agglutinin antibody?

Nonspecific agglutination of red cells in the presence of human serum, not related to blood group specificity. This occurs most often as a consequence of infections, when bacterial enzymes actually strip off parts of antigens normally present of the surface of the red cell.

What is serum and plasma?

Serum and plasma both come from the liquid portion of the blood that remains once the cells are removed, but that’s where the similarities end. Serum is the liquid that remains after the blood has clotted. Plasma is the liquid that remains when clotting is prevented with the addition of an anticoagulant.

How do you test for Autoagglutination?

AGGLUTINATION. Clumping (agglutination) of antibody-covered RBCs is a common finding in patients with IMHA. A rapid confirmation of this can be done in-house with a saline agglutination test (SAT). To perform this test, place one drop of EDTA blood on a slide, and add one drop of saline solution (two drops for a cat).

What happens if your red blood cells stick together?

These damaged red blood cells (sickle cells) clump together. They can’t move easily through the blood vessels. They get stuck in small blood vessels and block blood flow. This blockage stops the movement of healthy oxygen-rich blood.